ABSTRACT
This paper explores three significant aspects of Islamiccivilization,Universality, Moderation and Renaissance in their historical context and futuristic perspectives. Among diverse global and historical civilizations, Islamic civilization plays a prominent role in all aspects of human life and inspires major populations round the globe. Intrinsically, present scholarship on civilizational debate demands an intensive work to unfold the issues of above mentioned aspects of Islamic civilization. Applying hermeneutics methodof qualitative paradigm, this study focuses on the cutting edge approaches of Muslim scholars on the issue. The study unfolds the infinite view of Islamic civilization and concludes that true Islamic solutions to the major challenges of present world are quite pertinent and accomplished enough to restore harmony.
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حافظ ساجد اقبال شیخ, زہرہ ملک January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: harmony, Islamic civilization, Moderation, renaissance, universality
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ABSTRACT
Contribution of Arabic and Persian in the creation of Urdu Language.The Islamic ideology and teachings have profound influence on the Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages with respect to the quality of subject, themes and linguistic semantic and syntax.
During various eras of Islamic civilizations and societies, the Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages were the basis not only for preservation of Islamic heritage but for the literature and art as well. It would be an embellishment to admit that the work escalated to higher echelon of Urdu literature with the usage and adoption of Arabic and Persian prose.
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Jahan Ara Lutfi January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Arabic, Islamic Ideology, Persian, Urdu
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ABSTRACT
There is a misconception that Islam believes in gender discrimination because daughter was given half of the part as compare to the son in inheritance. But it is the only case while there are no of cases where a female was given the equal, more than a male part or in some cases a female was given the part and male was deprived. In this paper we try to highlight the no of cases with example to refute gender discrimination in Islam. While for the case where a female was given the half a series of logical arguments regarding the responsibilities of male because why he was receiving the double are discussed.
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بی بی عالیہ, سید غضنفر احمد January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: gender discrimination, Inheritance, women rights, اسلامی قانون
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ABSTRACT
Istanbul historically known as Constantinople is the most populous city in Turkeyand the country's economic, cultural, and historical center. Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosporus Strait which separates Europe and Asia between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Istanbul for more than 2,500 years has stood between conflicting surges of religion, culture, and imperial power. A lot of nations tried to conquer the city but they failed. When the Ottomans crossed into Europe in the mid-14th century, the fate of Constantinople was sealed. The inevitable end was retarded by the defeat of the Turks at the hands of Timur in 1402; but in 1422 the Ottoman sultan of Turkey, Murad II, laid siege to Constantinople. This attempt failed, only to be repeated 30 years later. In 1453 another Ottoman sultan, Muhammad II, proceeded to blockade the Bosporus by the erection of a strong fortress at its narrowest point. The siege of the city began in April 6, 1453. The Golden Horn was protected by a chain, but the sultan succeeded in hauling his fleet by land from the Bosporus into the Golden Horn. The final assault was made on May 29, and, in spite of the desperate resistance of the inhabitants aided by the Genoese, the city fell.
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فرزانہ جبین, فیضان احمد January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Bosporus, Constantinople, Eurasia, Golden Horn, Marmara, Muhammad II, Ottomans
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ABSTRACT
In the history of Subcontinent Indo-Pak,Muslim rulers have the honor to start the art of historiography and they gave full support to develop it in this region.Salateen-e- Delhi encourage this art in Persian language and Mughal rulers supported this art in Turkish language along with Persian. The Mughal rulers also participated in this art by writing biographies. The art of historiography became more popular in Persian language as compared to Turkish language. As a result British rulers study of history of Subcontinent in Sanskrit as well as Persian when their rule stabilized. They founded Asiatic Society of Bengal and Royal Asiatic Society for its development. These organizations promoted educational and research activities in the Subcontinent. In the fourth decade of 19th century, when Urdu replaced Persian, the Muslims historians translated all available historical material regarding Islamic History, Seerah,and history of Subcontinent from Persian and Arabic to Urdu and introduced new methodology of research and review. They also connected old history, culture, and knowledge with future generation. In the following article the work of historians of 19th and 20th Century has been examined and summarized.
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صوفیہ فرناز January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Abdul Kalam, Aljaddiah Letters, Ghubar Khatir, Ibn Zaydon
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ABSTRACT
HazratMuajidAlafSani was a revolutionary personality of the eleventh century, whose movement left indelible mark on the following centuries by successfully altering the course of history. The time when he started propagating the true message of Islam, the propagation of 'Deen-e-ilahi' was in full swing. The diabolical aim behind the propagation of this pseudo-religion was to amalgamate all the dominant religions of the time particularly Islam and Hinduism in such a way that both of them lose their individuality and distinctness. As a result, all the nations may gather under the banner of the so called religion. To this end, many a principle of Islam were abrogated and the customs, values, and principles of the muslims living in the subcontinent wereabout to change altogether. However, he was MujadidAlafSain who girded up his loin and dealt with all these challenges through a comprehensive strategy and came out with flying colors in the face of all the stumbling blocks in his way. Today, current society is also suffered these types of challenges. This paper deals with the social impacts of present day's ideological challenges and aims at doing away with them through the teachings of MujadadAlafSani(ra).
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عدنان ملک, محمد زبیر January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: DeeniIllahi, Idealogical challenges, Mujadid Alf Sani, Social impacts
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ABSTRACT
Islamic concept of knowledge and curriculum making: a critical and analytical study
The concept of knowledge and ethics are the two elements of any civilization. The nation who has these two concepts [Epistemology& Ethics) will have its own civilization. Western philosophers like Aristotal, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche were of the view that civilization is composed of the concept of knowledge and of morality. In the modern West, Immanuel Kant completely changed the concept of knowledge whereas Nietzsche replaced it with the concept of power. Based on these two changes, Western civilization has changed completely and a new civilization came into existence which completely based on the concept of absolute power.
Muslims also needed to think on it. Imam Ghazali and Shah Waliullah paid attention to this cause but they could not establish new concept. Muslim world, Particularly Iqbal in Sub-continent wanted to work on the Islamic concept of knowledge, some of his poetry lyrics exhibits of his insight but he failed to shape it conceptually. Later on, Syed Moudoodi worked on it but he could not complete the task, the outline of his vision regarding the theory of knowledge can be found in his writings. Some other scholars such as Dr. Israr, AmeenAhsanIslahi and NaeemSiddiqui also tried to work on it. JavedGhamidi took the same concept ahead. One misconception about his concept of knowledge is that he instead of reforming new concept of knowledge is trying to re-theorize whole religion which is a journey to mislead destination. Our concept of knowledge is connected with concept of world.
ZafarAansari also tried to work on it in the regime of Zia ulHaq. The Islamic university was founded for this reason but they committed a mistake of Islamization of all branches of knowledge instead of formulating the said concept of knowledge. Actually, Islam should be compatible with the concept of power by combining the concept of Islamic Epistemology with the concept of world view which is not done yet. This article presents the detail analysis of the Islamic concept of knowledge.
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محمد غیاث January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Curriculum, Epistemology, Islamic concept of knowledge, The theory of knowledge, world view
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ABSTRACT
Human history in general and history of religion in particular is surrounded by the differences and conflicts. Christians are divided into Protestants, Adventists and Catholics; Jews are divided in Judaism, Hebrewism and Semitism, Hindus have their own divisions as well. During the rule of Hazrat Omer R.A. Muslims conquered a large area of the world and Islam spread far and wide. Complications began to appear, keeping in view of these complications Muslim scholars decided to compile Islamic jurisprudence in the light of Quran and Sunna to guide common Muslim and to prevent them from misguiding. In the period of Khalifa abu Mansoor Jafar the class of Muslim jurisprudence (Fuqaha) appeared, they keenly worked on Islamic legislations and became the founder of major schools of thought among Muslims.
Later on, in subcontinent under the rule of British government and influence of Hinduism uneducated Muslim were being misled, it was alarming situation for Muslim Ulema and scholars and to counter this situation some Islamic Madarssahs and institutes were established by Muslim scholars, however some differences were appeared among the disciples of these institutes. Hence they were divided into various groups by the name of their respective Madarssahs. The present paper aims to delineate the emergence of various Schools of thought among Muslim Umma and appearance of sectism and cultism among the Muslims of subcontinent. The descriptive and historical method of study is used in this paper.
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حفصہ صدیقی, رعنا افضل January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Islam, Islamic jurisprudence, religious differences, sect, World religion
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ABSTRACT
In Urdu, voluminous books and encyclopaedias have been and are being produced on Seerah. Urdu Daira Mua’rif Islamia Or Urdu Encyclopaedia is one such work as it is replete with matter on the geography of Seerah. A lot of entries have been written on almost all the dimensions of geography of Seerah. The present article defines geography of Seerah, expounds its branches or dimensions and takes geographical perusal of the entries on geographical Seerah in Urdu Daira Mua’rif Islamia Or Urdu Encyclopaedia. While reviewing these entries, emphasis is laid on the use of geography, both anthropological geography, or human geography and physical geography employed in these entries. The errors which have unwittingly crept into these valuable entries are pointed out. The maps drawn by the modern Seerah writers in their geographical works are referred to, to highlight geographical impact of these works on the modern geographical Seerah writing. This article highlights two things. Firstly, the salient features of the land of Seerah or the land inhabited by the Holy Prophet surrounded by the people described in these entries. Secondly, the impact factor of these entries is also discussed.
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Nadia Mumtaz January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Anthropological Geography, Holy Campaigns (Ghazaw’at), Holy Expeditions (Saraya), Human Geography, Physical Geography, Time Geography, Tribal Geography
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ABSTRACT
Jammat-e-Islami Pakistan (JI), is one of the pioneers of contemporary Islamic movements, founded by Syed Abu-Al-Ala Maududi, one of the most prominent Islamic Ideologues of 20th century. In party’s plan of action reformation and re-construction of thought in the light of Quran ad sunnah was very important point. Literature produced by the party intellectuals during 1930s-1960s resonated among whole Muslim Ummah and provided stimulation to contemporary Islamic resurgence for decades. However recently JI is being declared as intellectually exhausted. Objective of study was to explore the fact and was conducted by taking stock of the intellectual work carried out by JI from time to time. Face to face interviews of JI leaders and activists were conducted for in-depth understanding. Study was very significant as intellectual exhaustion meant chilling delay in birth of ideal social justice which billions dreamt in Islamic revolution. Study indicated that since 1980’s the literature produced by the party departments responsible for the work was insignificant. However there are no sign of intellectual exhaustion. Party leadership is heavily engaged in self-criticism and formulation of new strategy to make-up its deficiencies. World is anxiously watching, the response of Mawdudi’s spiritual children, to the life-threatening challenge to the party (vanguard of Islamic revolution), he founded and nourished superbly and tirelessly.
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Muhammad Rafi January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: in-depth understanding, Intellectual exhaustion, Islamic resurgence, Maududi’s spiritual children, Reformation of thought, resonated, vanguard
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ABSTRACT
The education effectiveness mainly depend on one of the suitable teaching skills adopted at that situation where the students need special attention particularly the science subjects. This paperdiscusses the most important methods of teaching and learning needed for development of leadership skills of the students through golden Islamic perspective The lesson of learning for the development of leadership qualities and skills for the students given by our beloved Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is to transfer of knowledge with nice and pleasant way as all know that our prophet ( SAW) himself is a teacher and his teaching changed the whole picture of Arab darkness just in 23 years and later his Sahaba (R.A) followed the methods which actually most suitable for this modern world A teacher who shows multi dimension characteristic through his method of teaching which a lead to the foundation of effective teaching, actually a teacher is the key source of transferring knowledge to the others. An education system can meet the objectives only be achieved through honest and effective teaching. This study demonstrated the valid and full sketch pictures of teaching mechanism of effectiveness in teaching method but it up to the teacher individual interest and adjustment skill in rapidly change situation at secondary school level which is usually an initial phase of student’s career to plan and prepare him for the incoming challenges.
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Kamal Haider, Maroof bin Rauf, Muhammad Talat January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Development, Education, Islamic, Leadership
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ABSTRACT
Fundamental rights are of different kinds depending upon the core rights established with the passage of time; the right to utter once expression is said to be the freedom of speech got most important right in this era. History reveals that this right has been evolved due to esteemed sacrifices. The right of freedom of speech is also correlated with a duty of care and infinite jurisdiction has not wanted either by law or by the norms of society. The constitution of Pakistan has clearly postulated this fundamental right and Apex courts of Pakistan have always interpreted the right to speech with prudent mind.
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Kashif Javed January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Constitution, Freedom of speech, judgements, jurisdiction, Rights
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason/s behind the increasing intolerance present in the people of Pakistan in general and Karachi in Particular. Teachings of the Holy Quran and Hadiths were studied to resolve this issue of the modern society. It is discovered from the collected data from 205 respondents that the victims of this social disease, including males, females, educated and uneducated people living in Karachi. It was unveiled from the collected data that both male and female are the victims, but it is more prevailing in educated than uneducated, more in urban and rural population and more in youngsters and than the older ones. To find the reason/s behind this increasing problem 30 religious scholars were interviewed to having their point of view about intolerance and its solution. On the bases of the collected data from the interviews it is recommended that parents, teachers need to play their role effectively, there should limits on TV programs and Islamic teaching related to citizenship and tolerance needs to be added in the curriculum from lower to higher level of education.
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Sumbul Ansar January 1st, 2019
Posted In: Issue 17, Research Articles
Tags: Educated, Gulshan, Intolerance, Pakistani Society, Sadar, Shah Faisal, Uneducated
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ABSTRACT
This study is based on the economic thoughts of MaolanaAbulA,laaMaududi (R.A.). He is one of the greatest thinker in the history of subcontinent. While he was a religious scholar and writer but he introduced the term "Islamic Economics (IslamiNizame-Ma,ashiaat) and described every aspect of the economics in the light of Quran and Sunnah with great virtues. His many books and destinations covered each aspect of economics in very good manner. He introduced Islamic Economics as a separate branch, and there is no doubt that through his thoughts, he has given an Islamic economic system. In this specific situation, he has featured the attributes, standards and destinations of this framework. On the example set by him, countless Muslims economists have taken after his line of considering. In the light of Islamic education he explained the theories of income, consumption, investment, production and distribution of wealth. Maulana described the resources of the Public finance in Islamic economy just like Ushar, Khiraj, Jizya, Khums and Zakat but he emphasized that Zakat is the major source through which Islamic Government can fulfill their expenditures. Zikat is not only the source of government spending rather it is possible to eradicate unfair wealth distribution, interest, poverty and unemployment from Islamic economy.
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نازیہ عبدالرحمٰن July 1st, 2018
Posted In: Issue 16, Research Articles
Tags: Islamic Economic System, Khiraj, laaMaududi, Public Finance, Syed AbulA, Ushar, زکوٰۃ
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Abstract
Topic is a research on reality of magic and magicians andrelated religious ruling in perspective of different doctrines. Whether a personcommitting magic remains Muslim or not? In this article a detailed descriptionmentioned. In addition, objections raise against this subject has also been answered. One of the purposesis to raise awareness among the people so that they may deliberate why tointentionally engage in an activity that is prohibited by Allah and his prophets(Blessing and salutation on him) why to fall in abyss of infidelity despite ofstrong evidences mentioned in Quran and Hadith! Why to believe in magic spellsleaving aside Quranic verses and the holy supplications mention in Quran andSunnah.
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محمد راشد خان اعوان July 1st, 2018
Posted In: Issue 16, Research Articles
Tags: Doctrines, Infidelity, Islam, Magic, Magicians, perspective, Prevention, Quran, Sharia, Sunnah
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ABSTRACT
Imam Ibn-e-’Aabideen Shami was a great scholar. His book “Radd-ul-Muhtar” has great importance in Islamic Jurisprudence. In this book when Imam Shami disagrees with the opinion of other scholars or he has an objection on a decision etc., he uses three technical words: “Ta’ammal, Fata’ammal and Fal’uta’ammal”. These three words are called “Ta’ammulat-e-Shami”. In these “Ta’ammulat” he provokes scholars and his readers to investigate these “Ta’ammulat”. Some scholars discussed these “Ta’ammulat” in their books. Imam Rafei in his book “Taqrirat-ur-Rafei” discussed many “Ta’ammulat”. “Ta’ammulat” of “Bab-ul-Wazu & Bab-ul-Ghusl” of “Radd-ul-Muhtar” and their explanation from “Taqrirat-ur-Rafei” has been analysed in this article.
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محمد شبیر July 1st, 2018
Posted In: Issue 16, Research Articles
Tags: Abdul Qadir Rafei, Ibn-e-’Abideen, Radd-ul-Muhtar, Shami, Ta’ammulat, Taqrirat
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