ABSTRACT
Abrahamic religions including Judaism and Islam have many similarities in their belief as well as ritual system. Based on these similarities, the some Orientalists claim that Islam is plagiarised religion from the preceding religion, i.e. Judaism. This paper compares two rituals of Judaism and Islam i.e. prayer and fasting. Based on this extensive comparison, this paper argues that the issue of similarities rather proves the originality of Islam and the continuity of the revelation that brought down from Allah.
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Mukhtiar A. Kandhro January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Fasting, Islam, Judaism, Prayer
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ABSTRACT
The issue of women right receives much attention nowa days like western societies for the last several decades. Many feminist writers are enthusiastic in condemning the treatment of Muslim women, and most of the time, they mingle the irresponsible personal or cultural practices of some Muslims with other Muslims. As a result, they make no attempts to distinguish between the behavior of some Muslims, and paint all Muslims with the same brush. Most of those writers do not objectively conduct serious comparative studies regarding the position of women in the teachings of Islam and in other religions and ideologies. The subject of women’s rights is a subject that dates as far back as 1400 years ago, long before it become a serious preoccupation in many other cultures especially in the west. The Islamic point of view of women has been so misrepresented in the West that it is still a prevalent idea in Europe and Americathat women in Islam are oppressed. In this study,the researchers just want to provide a historical review of the rights of women in the major religions of the world.Researchers want to present Islamic point of view with the help of Quran and the Hadith,an appropriate, unbiased and a basic source of authentication.
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Sakina Riaz, Syeda Farhana Sarfaraz January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: comparison, different religion and ideologies, historical review, women rights
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ABSTRACT
Since the creation of the Jewish state, the relations between Iran and Israel have undergone various stages, including covert relations. The fact is that for nearly thirty years, from 1948 until 1979, both states cooperated in certain areas such as trade and intelligence. Even after the Islamic revolution of 1979 both states covertly made arms agreement for a joint cause.But soon after the Iran-Iraq war relations between these states seriously deteriorated. This paper outlines the reasons which played an important part in development and extermination of relations between the two regional players. The history of Iranian-Israeli relations since 1948 and the regional and international changes that occurred had far reaching consequences for both countries. The paper will focus on this analysis as well.
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M. Umair Rafique January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Iran, Israel, Jewish State, Relations
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ABSTRACT
Pluralistic Bengali society experienced religious encountering from time immemorial. This encountering resulted in amalgamation and syncreticism that was a threat to the individual identity of every religion generally and Hinduism particularly. In the course of history, many reform movements were launched by Hindus and among these one is BrahmoSamaj that was a socio-religious reform movement. The founder of this movement was Ram Mohan Roy, who is called the father of socio-religious reform movements of nineteen century Bengal. On one hand, he incorporates the ideas of Muslim Sufis, western scientific look, utilitarian and deistic thought for his socio-religious reform program, on the other hand, from Hindu philosophical schools, he adopted the Advaita Vedanta of Shankaracharya. In the Ram Mohan’s selections of Advaita Vedanta the influence of Orientalist and Christian Missionaries can not be ignored. That facilitates him to design his neo-Vedanta which in its basis shares the concept of formless one God of ShankaracharyaAdvaita Vedanta. But it deviates from classical Advaita Vedanta in shifting of authority from Vedas to Upanishad, abandoning of idol worship, caste system, polygamy (kulinism) and widow burning. Because Shankar’s Advaita Vedanta accepts all these Hindu socio-religious duties as part of his dharma.
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Muhammad Akram, Nosheen Zaheer January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Advaita Vedanta, Brahmo Samaj, neo-Vedenta, Orientalist
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ABSTRACT
This article highlights the significance of Orientalism in regard with theModern Approaches and Methodologies in sirah Writing. The sirah writers of the modern era did consider the global developments of the twentieth century and complied sirah in a method which provided guidance in connection with these rapid changes and conditions. The study primarily focuses on the opinions of the authors of the selected books of sirah written in recent past regarding the all-important issue of orientalism. The research gives an Introduction to the modern approaches and methodologies in sirah writing as well. The study covers the subject matters of the inception of orientalism, its history and significance in modern times. The research highlights the approach of the orientalists towardsQur’ān, Hadith and Sirah. The selected books for this research written in recent past in Arabic, English and Urdu are Fiqh Al Sirah by Muhammad Al Ghazālī, Fiqh Al Sirah by MuhammadSa’īdRamaḍān Al Būtī, The Spirit of Islam by SayīdAmīr ‘Alī, Muhammad A Biography of Prophet by Karen Armstrong, MuḥāḍrāteSirah by MaḥmūdAḥmadGhāz,ῑSirah Al Nabī by ‘AllāmahShiblīNu’mānī, Aṣaḥ Al Sῑyar by ‘Abdul RaūfDānāpūrī, Ḍīā Al Nabī by PīrMuḥammadKaramShāh, Raḥmatullil'ālamīn by Qāḍī Muhammad SulymānManṣūrpūrī, Sīrat e Sarware ‘Alam, AbūlA‘lāMūdūdī and MuḥammadRasūlallāh by SayedMuhammadMiyan
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Abdul Muhaimin January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Modern approaches, Orientalism, Sirah writing
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ABSTRACT
In present era surveys of social behavior in society suggest a variety of behavioral expression. The family is the foundation of human society. Children who are rejected by their parents and society grow up at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent.One of the big anti-socialbehaviorsworldwide is juvenile delinquency. This situation has become worse in Pakistan due to poverty and illiteracy. This paper attempts to unearth the comparison of causes of juvenile delinquency between male and female teenagers of Karachi, Pakistan.This research is descriptive, exploring the existing attribute and behavior of crime level in children of the society.Interviews have been taken as a survey instrument for collecting data from local central jail, based on 20 questions.The population consists of ten boys and ten girls (teenagers). Data has been collected from superintended Jail as well to see the sights of prison environment.Juvenile delinquency is a result of distraction between social and psychological factors of child upbringing. After the in-depth analysis child labor, trading and money dealing from early age make them greedy. Parental unemployment and destructive attitudes encourage and promote juvenile crime. Lack of readiness and anger towards life complexities also lead to negative short term outcomes including, peer and teacher rejection, failures and eventual dropout causes delinquency acts.
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Kamal Haider, Munir Moosa Sadruddin, Safia Niazi January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Anti-social Behavior, Crime Rate, Human Rights, Juvenile Delinquency
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ABSTRACT
Since independence Central Asian states have acquired the attention of regional and global powers. Geographically, this region is landlocked but very rich in natural resources. Pakistan, on the other hand, lacks energy resources and therefore has remained willing to obtain benefits from these states. Importantly, Pakistan and Central Asian states have common history, religion and culture. From geostrategic point of view, Pakistan provides these regional states the shortest route to global sea trade. They have signed several agreements, treaties and memorandum of understandings (MoUs), but due to political instability and fragile security situation of Afghanistan and lack of attention from the side of policy makers in Pakistan, these agreements have been ineffective so far. This study is an attempt to identify the fluctuating relationships between Pakistan and Central Asian states. Moreover, it focuses on Pakistan’s interests in Central Asian states and its strategic importance. The purpose of this study is to identify the obstacles and opportunities in relations between Pakistan and the Central Asian states.
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Asghar Ali Dashti, Faisal Javaid January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Central Asian region, Interests, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Relations, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
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ABSTRACT
Selection of appropriate language of instruction has remained the point of discussion for the policy makers since 1st education policy of Pakistan. Pakistan is a multilingual country due to which various provincial / regional languages are spoken therefore, medium of instruction at national level has ever been remained questionable in the country. It seems obvious to many educationists that learners learn best through a language they understand well, there is also considerable support for retaining the English as medium of instruction in Pakistan.. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of English as medium of instruction on student learning at primary level in Lahore. A descriptive method of research was used for the collection of data. Out of all the population of teachers of Lahore Cantt, 80 teachers were selected from 8 schools by systematic random sampling technique. An adapted questionnaire having 30 statements as research instruments was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed in SPSS software. Various formulas i.e., mean score, percentage, standard deviation, and mode for each statement was used. Appropriate recommendations were made in light of the findings.
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Muhammad Saeed Akhtar, Nabia Younus, Sidra Kiran January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Educational Language Policies, Medium of instruction, Primary Level
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ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to determine the important factors influencing rice production in theBalochistanprovince of Pakistan. The data taken from the Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan span from 1980 to 2012 which is published by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The data on rice production in Balochistan is not available after 2012.Employing the multiple Ordinary Least Square regression model for thestudy, the analysisrevealed that; (i) the production of the rice,(ii) the price of the riceand (iii) the use of the irrigation system are essentialindependent variablesinfluencing the Yield in KGs per hectares. The studyprovidesvaluable policy recommendation to enhance rice production and fulfillprovincial food demand.
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Saba Zafar, Sulaiman D. Muhammad January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Auto correlation, Balochistan, Multicolinearity, OLS, Rice
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ABSTRACT
This study entitled “The Significance of Islamic Documentaries in the Facilitation of Islamic Learning at University Level” was conducted in University of Karachi focusing the Faculty of Arts. It aimed to explore the significance of Islamic documentaries, values and ideologies on learning of students at university level. For this purpose, the descriptive study is conducted based on empirical design. Target audience was students of enrolled in the Faculty of Arts at University of Karachi where a sample of 120 students was drawn. The pre-constructed questionnaire was distributed among the participants for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that Islamic Documentaries bear positive impact on the student learning and academic achievement.
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Asia Khatoon, Imtiaz Ahmed, Maroof bin Rauf, Muhammad Athar Hussain January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Digital Media, Documentaries, Education, Islamic Learning, university
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ABSTRACT
This articleexplains the economic and international business between developed and developing countries while keeping in view of chartered of Multinational Companies in order to explain the particular role of Multinational Companies in the Developed and Developing countries, the base of this article to describe the process of realism in between of Multinational Companies which are operation in developing world in manufacturing and services sectors industrial enterprises are dominant the multinational business in Developed countries due to joint venture, in the cross borders as well as marketing, trading, manufacturing, consulting, contracting banking, hotel and insurance field, so multinational group operating across the national. this study also given attention to some aims and objectives for the success of the business of the Multinational Companies in business as well as covered some important issue of the Islamic culture in this study in Muslim countries as well as less developed countries.
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Syed ShahabUddin January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Investment, Manufacturing, Production, Services, Trade
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ABSTRACT
When Pakistan came into being on 14th of August 1947, the existing India Act of 1935 was adopted by Pakistan with some amendments as interim constitution of Pakistan. The temporary arrangement was made to run the affairs of newly independent state which required a permanent constitution on emergent basis. The Muslim community had mainly trusted in the Muslim League, because of the reason that Muslim League was loyal to establishing an Islamic state based on the principle of Islam. But unfortunately, the members of Constituent Assembly were not in favour of this spiritual tendency. The founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah repeated many time that constitution of Pakistan shall be framed according to the Quran and Sunnah.1
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Manzoor Khan Afridi, Muhammad Dawood January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: 1956 Constitution, Camparision, Constituent Assembly
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’تحقیق‘ عربی زبان کا لفظ ہے، اس کا مادہ حقّ (ح ق ق ) ہے۔ باب تفعیل سے اسمِ مصدر’تحقیق‘ اور اسمِ فاعل ’مُحَقِّق‘، اردو میں مستعمل ہیں۔ ’تحقیق‘ کا انگریزی متبادل لفظ Research ہے۔دلچسپ بات یہ ہے کہ جدید عربی زبان میں تحقیق کے لیے ’بَحْثٌ‘ اور محقق کے لیے ’بَاحِث‘ کے الفاظ مستعمل ہیں جبکہ تحقیق جدید عربی زبان میں Editing کو کہا جاتا ہے۔
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MAARIF RESEARCH JORNAL January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Editing, Research
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ABSTRACT:
Over the past few years, our holy Prophet (PBUH) has largely been desecrated and blasphemed in the name of freedom of speech in various different European countries. Derogatory remarks and blasphemous caricatures of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) have been published over and over again.
It is natural for Muslim Ummah (community) to react against this as the greatest wealth for the Muslims is their beloved Prophet (PBUH).
Today, Muslims despite all their weakness have a deep attachment and relation with Prophet (PBUH) and consider it a great privilege to fight and die for the honor of the Prophet.
The Western nations, having broken the prophetic attachment and relations, resorted to be the secularism, and demand that the Muslim should end their religious ties and connection and that the Muslim should not raise a storm of strong protests.
On the other hand, it, too, is a fact that some Muslims alongside unbelievers attribute this attitude or reaction of the Muslims to extremism and advise Muslim against this.
They say one cannot demand respect for the Prophet (PBUH) from those who do not believe in him.
They are also of the opinion that Quran and Sunnah do not explicitly mention any punishment for blasphemy against priesthood.
In this article, a research overview on the issue of blasphemy against the Prophet (PBUH) has been given and dispelled several doubts concerning the issue.
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Ismail Aarfi January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Blasphemous, Prophet (PBUH), Western Nation
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ABSTRACT:
"Twareekh e Ajeeb" famed as "Kala pani" is an autobiography by molvi Jafar Thaneesri who was a courageous and dedicated worker of Syed Ahmad's movement known as "Wahabi Tehrik". This movement was against British rule in India. So the workers of this freedom movement were declared rebellion by the British Government. Molvi Jafar Thaneesri was also arrested and the British Court decided hang him to kill but later on after an appeal the decision was changed as life imprisonment by the British Judiciary. Molvi Jafar was deported to islands of Andaman also called port Blair or" kala Pani" which was used as a jail for the dangerous prisoners. Jafar Thaneesri had been there for about twenty years. In this autobiography molvi jafar describes the life, customs and different languages of islanders, weather of the islands, the rule and regulations for the prisoners and many other events occurred during his stay. This autobiography is not only portrays reality of the British rule in India, but also a lesson for our generation. Jafar described his informative story in an interesting way. He used Urdu in her natural style. It was first published in 1890. Dr.Muhammad Ayyob Qadri(late) compiled this book with foot notes and endnotes about the events and important personalities discussed in the book .This compiled book was published in 1962 and then disappeared from the market. Now this important edition is reprinted after a long time. This article is an analytical, critical, phraseological, stylistic and lingual study of this compiled edition with a special focus on compiler's efforts.
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Sheraz Zaidi January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: British rule, Jafar Thaneesri, Kalapani
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ABSTRACT:
Mostly historians of Urdu language has been showing different stages of Urdu through literature. Although the contributions of religious scholars and intellectuals in the promotion of Urdu language in early era have been discussed, but not in detail. Translations of different Sura of Quran had been stated in Deccan, but the first complete translation of Quran was published in 1785 by Shah Abdul Qadir, the son of Shah Waliullah. After that, over thousand translations of Quran have been done. These translations show the different shapes of Urdu language; dictions from Arabic, Persian, Turkish, European and local languages and cultural, social, political and scientific affects on Urdu language. In this article, it is tried to understand the different stages of Urdu through the translations of Quran by Shah Abdul Qadir, Shah Rafi ud Din, Deputy Nazir Ahmad, Maulana Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari, Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi, Maulana Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi, Syed Abul Aala Maududi, Peer Karam Shah Al Azhari and Dr. Tahir ulQadiri.
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Hafiz Siraj-uddine, Khalid Nadeem January 1st, 2016
Posted In: Issue 11
Tags: Quran, Translation, Urdu Language
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