مسلم سیاسی فکر خلافت بنو امیہ و بنو عباس میں

Abstract

The three-point foundation of Islamic political thought is on the principles of Tauheed, Prophethood and Caliphate. The period of  State  of Medinah under the leadership of the Holy Prophet and later the Khilafat e Rashidah is the golden period of practical implementation of Islamic political thought. During the various periods of the Khilafat e Rashidah the Muslim state gradually began to decline and finally after the establishment of the government of Sayyidna Amir Muawiyah (597-680 AD) after Sayyidna Hasan bin Ali (R: 625 AD-670 AD). The institution of the caliphate was transformed into a monarchy. In this period, the basic political structure was still the same as the  Khilafat e Rashidah, Sharia laws continued in the state, but monarchy was transplanted into the institution of the Caliphate. While on the one hand, the periods of the Muslim empire are valuable in terms of the greatness and extent of the boundaries, we also see the foundations of deviation from the Islamic principles of governance in these periods, the most important of which is the transformation of the caliphate into inheritance, the personal control of Bait Al-Mal. This includes the transformation into the treasury and the removal of the caliph and government officials from the system of public accountability. Under the government oppression, the political power remained with the sultan, about which the lips were gone, so the scholars became mere custodians of religious teachings. The diversity in Muslim political thought we see in this period is characterized by the attempt of Muslim political thinkers to find an acceptable way of reconciliation between the fixed Islamic political thought and the current situation so that the rulers and the people Any form of correction can be found. The representative Muslim thinkers of this era were Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (d: 872 AD - AD: 951 AD), al-Mawardi (d: 972 AD - AD: 1058 AD), Nizam al-Mulk Tusi (d: 1018 AD - AD: 1092 AD), Ibn Khaldun (d: 1332 AD -1406AD) . Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328).Abrief overview of the thoughts and philosophy of has been taken in the article under review.